READINGS - translation to αραβικά
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READINGS - translation to αραβικά

DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING THE CURVATURE OF THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE CORNEA
Ophthalmometer; Keratometry; Keratometer readings; K-readings
  • An eye doctor examining a patient with a keratometer
  • Typical presentations of keratoconus as detected through a keratometer

READINGS         
  • Volunteer reads to a girl at the Casa Hogar de las Niñas in [[Mexico City]]
  • Hieroglyph, one of the earliest forms of writing
  • In 2000 the [[National Reading Panel]] in the U.S. identified five ingredients of effective reading instruction: ''phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension''.
  • A [[Catholic monk]] reading in a monastery library
  • Researchers have concluded that 95% of students can be taught to read by the end of first grade, yet in many countries 20% or more do not meet that expectation.<ref name="Teaching Reading Is Rocket Science"/>
  • Although widely used, whole-word methods are not supported by science.<ref name="Stanislas Dehaene 222–228"/><ref name="Rayner, 2001"/>
  • isbn=978-0465080656}}</ref>
  • author2-link=Frederic Lister Burk}}</ref>
  • pages=810–820}}</ref>
  • date=September 2010}}</ref>
  • An American girl reading a newspaper (1969)
  • Laotian]] girls sit outside their school, reading books they received at a rural school book party.
  • McGuffey's Primer 1836
  • Senior reading a newspaper in Nepal
  • title=National Reading Panel, NICHD, p. 2-92}}</ref>
  • year=2012}}</ref> Photo: Reading a newspaper in Catania, Sicily.
  • Average reading rate in ''words per minute'' (wpm) depending on age and measured with different tests in English, French and German
  • website=www.bigbrothermouse.com}}</ref>
  • The Simple View of Reading proposes four broad categories of developing readers: typical readers; poor readers; dyslexics; and hyperlexics.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
COGNITIVE PROCESS OF DECODING SYMBOLS TO DERIVE MEANING; A FORM OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING
Reading education in the United States; Reading (activity); Reading rate; Sight method; Configurational reading; Phonetic reading; Teaching reading: whole language and phonics; Reading speed; Developmental Stages of Reading; Teaching reading and writing; Reading (Place); Learning to read; Teaching of Reading; Reading the process; Reading aloud; Read aloud; Word method; Whole-word method; Reading education; Process of reading; Reading instruction; Reading history; Early reader; Reading education in the USA; Pre-reading; Reading a book; Reading learning; Basic read; Reading skills acquisition; Read (process); Teaching reading: Whole Language and Phonics; Rereading; Re-reading; Process (reading); Reading (visual activity); Readings; Reading (process); Native reading; Baby reading; Science of reading; Teaching reading; The reading wars; Three cueing system; Scarborough's Reading Rope; Reading acquisition

ألاسم

تَصَفُّح ; قِرَاءَة ; مُطَالَعَة

READING         
  • Volunteer reads to a girl at the Casa Hogar de las Niñas in [[Mexico City]]
  • Hieroglyph, one of the earliest forms of writing
  • In 2000 the [[National Reading Panel]] in the U.S. identified five ingredients of effective reading instruction: ''phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension''.
  • A [[Catholic monk]] reading in a monastery library
  • Researchers have concluded that 95% of students can be taught to read by the end of first grade, yet in many countries 20% or more do not meet that expectation.<ref name="Teaching Reading Is Rocket Science"/>
  • Although widely used, whole-word methods are not supported by science.<ref name="Stanislas Dehaene 222–228"/><ref name="Rayner, 2001"/>
  • isbn=978-0465080656}}</ref>
  • author2-link=Frederic Lister Burk}}</ref>
  • pages=810–820}}</ref>
  • date=September 2010}}</ref>
  • An American girl reading a newspaper (1969)
  • Laotian]] girls sit outside their school, reading books they received at a rural school book party.
  • McGuffey's Primer 1836
  • Senior reading a newspaper in Nepal
  • title=National Reading Panel, NICHD, p. 2-92}}</ref>
  • year=2012}}</ref> Photo: Reading a newspaper in Catania, Sicily.
  • Average reading rate in ''words per minute'' (wpm) depending on age and measured with different tests in English, French and German
  • website=www.bigbrothermouse.com}}</ref>
  • The Simple View of Reading proposes four broad categories of developing readers: typical readers; poor readers; dyslexics; and hyperlexics.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
COGNITIVE PROCESS OF DECODING SYMBOLS TO DERIVE MEANING; A FORM OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING
Reading education in the United States; Reading (activity); Reading rate; Sight method; Configurational reading; Phonetic reading; Teaching reading: whole language and phonics; Reading speed; Developmental Stages of Reading; Teaching reading and writing; Reading (Place); Learning to read; Teaching of Reading; Reading the process; Reading aloud; Read aloud; Word method; Whole-word method; Reading education; Process of reading; Reading instruction; Reading history; Early reader; Reading education in the USA; Pre-reading; Reading a book; Reading learning; Basic read; Reading skills acquisition; Read (process); Teaching reading: Whole Language and Phonics; Rereading; Re-reading; Process (reading); Reading (visual activity); Readings; Reading (process); Native reading; Baby reading; Science of reading; Teaching reading; The reading wars; Three cueing system; Scarborough's Reading Rope; Reading acquisition

ألاسم

تَصَفُّح ; قِرَاءَة ; مُطَالَعَة

الفعل

اِقْتَرَأَ ; تَلَا ; طالَعَ ; قَرَأَ

reading         
  • Volunteer reads to a girl at the Casa Hogar de las Niñas in [[Mexico City]]
  • Hieroglyph, one of the earliest forms of writing
  • In 2000 the [[National Reading Panel]] in the U.S. identified five ingredients of effective reading instruction: ''phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension''.
  • A [[Catholic monk]] reading in a monastery library
  • Researchers have concluded that 95% of students can be taught to read by the end of first grade, yet in many countries 20% or more do not meet that expectation.<ref name="Teaching Reading Is Rocket Science"/>
  • Although widely used, whole-word methods are not supported by science.<ref name="Stanislas Dehaene 222–228"/><ref name="Rayner, 2001"/>
  • isbn=978-0465080656}}</ref>
  • author2-link=Frederic Lister Burk}}</ref>
  • pages=810–820}}</ref>
  • date=September 2010}}</ref>
  • An American girl reading a newspaper (1969)
  • Laotian]] girls sit outside their school, reading books they received at a rural school book party.
  • McGuffey's Primer 1836
  • Senior reading a newspaper in Nepal
  • title=National Reading Panel, NICHD, p. 2-92}}</ref>
  • year=2012}}</ref> Photo: Reading a newspaper in Catania, Sicily.
  • Average reading rate in ''words per minute'' (wpm) depending on age and measured with different tests in English, French and German
  • website=www.bigbrothermouse.com}}</ref>
  • The Simple View of Reading proposes four broad categories of developing readers: typical readers; poor readers; dyslexics; and hyperlexics.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
COGNITIVE PROCESS OF DECODING SYMBOLS TO DERIVE MEANING; A FORM OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING
Reading education in the United States; Reading (activity); Reading rate; Sight method; Configurational reading; Phonetic reading; Teaching reading: whole language and phonics; Reading speed; Developmental Stages of Reading; Teaching reading and writing; Reading (Place); Learning to read; Teaching of Reading; Reading the process; Reading aloud; Read aloud; Word method; Whole-word method; Reading education; Process of reading; Reading instruction; Reading history; Early reader; Reading education in the USA; Pre-reading; Reading a book; Reading learning; Basic read; Reading skills acquisition; Read (process); Teaching reading: Whole Language and Phonics; Rereading; Re-reading; Process (reading); Reading (visual activity); Readings; Reading (process); Native reading; Baby reading; Science of reading; Teaching reading; The reading wars; Three cueing system; Scarborough's Reading Rope; Reading acquisition
اسْم : قراءة . مادَّة مقروءة . تفسير خاصّ . اطّلاع . معرفة أدبيّة

Ορισμός

Ophthalmometer
·noun An instrument devised by Helmholtz for measuring the size of a reflected image on the convex surface of the cornea and lens of the eye, by which their curvature can be ascertained.

Βικιπαίδεια

Keratometer

A keratometer, also known as an ophthalmometer, is a diagnostic instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism. It was invented by the German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851, although an earlier model was developed in 1796 by Jesse Ramsden and Everard Home.

A keratometer uses the relationship between object size (O), image size (I), the distance between the reflective surface and the object (d), and the radius of the reflective surface (R). If three of these variables are known (or fixed), the fourth can be calculated using the formula

R = 2 d I O {\displaystyle R=2d{\frac {I}{O}}}

There are two distinct variants of determining R; Javal-Schiotz type keratometers have a fixed image size and are typically 'two position', whereas Bausch and Lomb type keratometers have a fixed object size and are usually 'one position'.

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για READINGS
1. Isotope readings on the lead in their stomachs matched readings on ammunition sold nearby.
2. Initial readings showed oxygen readings above 20 percent – a breathable atmosphere – though no sign of carbon dioxide to indicate the exhalations of people.
3. Participants prepare readings from different sonnets and plays which address the theme, and the group focuses on the readings, on their lyrical sound and rhythmic patterns.
4. The readings for Italy and France in particular, were less gloomy than economists had expected, although the readings for Germany remained relatively weak.
5. Atmospheric researchers studying global warming have sought for years to determine why readings taken from weather balloons didn‘t show the same increases as readings on the ground.